Establishment and Applications of Double-Fluorescent Protein Allo-Transplantation Mice Model / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish allo-transplantation model by using mRFP⁺ to eGFP⁺ transgenic mice and to observe the distribution of donor cells and donor-recipient cellular interaction in the bone marrow after semi-solid decalcification (SSD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After myeloablative irradiation, C57BL/6 female eGFP⁺ transgenic mice were infused with (5 × 10⁶) bone marrow cells from FVB male donor mice through tail vein. The control group was infused with PBS. Then the general conditions, engraftment level, hematopoietic recovery, incidence of GVHD and survival of recipients were evaluated after transplantation. In the recovery process, SSD was used to treat the femora before observing the cells distribution, morphology and interaction by confocal microscopy directly or after making frozen section.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>WBC of recipient eGFP⁺ mice was recovered on (20 ± 3.07) d, (93.94 ± 1.59)% in peripheral cells were RFP⁺ cells (n = 10), GVHD happened in 4 of 10 mice within 1 month. During SSD, the hard components were replaced gradually and RFP⁺ cells could be seen mainly in the bone trabecula and surrounded by eGFP⁺ cells under confocal microscope, their interactions could be further observed clearly in bone marrow microenvironment in three-dimensional reconstruction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The double fluorescent allo-transplantation mouse model successfully established, by means of our novel protocol named SSD, the donor and recipient cell location and their interaction can be visually observed, which provides the basis for clinical studies on the distribution and homing of donor cells, and some related explorations after transplantation.</p>

Diagnostic value of Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the value of the Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale (VADPRS) in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>VADPRS were completed by parents of 319 children with suspected ADHD. The children were then evaluated by a specialist based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) and 196 of them were diagnosed with ADHD. The value of VADPRS in the diagnosis of attention deficit and hyperactivity was evaluated using ROC curves. Diagnostic evaluation indexes at best operating point were calculated. Kappa values were calculated to explore the consistency of items in VADPRS and corresponding items in the DSM-IV criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of attention deficit by VADPRS was 0.791. At the best operating point, its sensitivity was 0.83, specificity was 0.63, positive predictive value was 0.69 and negative predictive value was 0.79. The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of hyperactivity by VADPRS was 0.855. At the best operating point, its sensitivity was 0.82, specificity was 0.76, positive predictive value was 0.65, and negative predictive value was 0.88. The negative predictive value of VADPRS in general population screen was 0.99, based on the results of this study. The consistency of items in the VADPRS and corresponding items in DSM-Ⅳ criteria was poor, with the Kappa value of most items being less than 0.40.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VADPRS is suitable for a general population screen for ADHD and it is helpful in the clinical diagnosis of ADHD, but its results can be influenced by parents' awareness and perception of children's behavior, and cannot replace the interview and judgment of professionals.</p>

Comorbidities and functional impairments in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess comorbidities and functional impairments in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to investigate their relationship with the core symptoms (attention deficit and hyperactivity) of ADHD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 319 children with suspected ADHD were included in the study. The Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale (VADPRS) was completed by their parents. Diagnosis and classification were performed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. Comorbidities and functional impairments were evaluated according to the VADPRS. Children with various types of ADHD were compared in terms of comorbidities and functional impairments, and their relationship with the core symptoms of ADHD was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 319 children, 196 were diagnosed with ADHD, including 84 cases of predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I), 35 cases of predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-HI) and 77 cases of combined type (ADHD-C); 123 did not meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. At least one other psychiatric disorder (oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder or emotional disorder) was seen in 63.8% (125/196) of the children with ADHD, versus 37.4 % (46/123) of the children without ADHD (P<0.05). The incidence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in the ADHD-C subgroup was significantly higher than in the ADHD-I subgroup (P<0.05). The sums of oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and emotional disorder symptoms were weakly correlated with the sums of hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive symptoms (P<0.01). Up to 89.8% of children with ADHD and 74.8% of children without ADHD showed functional impairments (P<0.05). The ADHD-C subgroup had a significantly higher overall incidence of functional impairments than the ADHD-I and ADHD-HI subgroups (P<0.05). The sum of inattentive symptoms was weakly correlated with the scores of learning ability, sibling relationship and participation in organized activities (P<0.01), and the sum of hyperactive-impulsive symptoms was weakly correlated with the score of sibling relationship (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of comorbidities and functional impairments among children with ADHD is high, especially in those with ADHD-C. The severity of core symptoms in children with ADHD can influence the occurrence of comorbidities and functional impairments. The incidence of psychiatric disorders and functional impairments is also high in children with suspected ADHD who do not meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, so attention also needs to be paid to interventions among these children.</p>

In vitro meniscal culture of juvenile porcine / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the histological changes of juvenile porcine menisci in an in vitro organ culture system. It was hoped that the experiment can provide evidence for the study of menisci in an in vitro organ culture model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight juvenile swines of one month old were involves in the study. Thirty-two meniscal specimens with 8 mm in width were obtained from each meniscus in the two posterior extremities. The specimens were incubated in an in vitro organ culture model. At 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after culture, 8 specimens were observed. Hematoxylin eosin staining: the cell density of the inner 1/3 zone was measured. Safranin-O staining:the degree of staining in the inner zone was measured and semi-quantitative scores were obtained.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks, the cell density were (285.3 +/- 12.0)/HPF, (182.8 +/- 11.2)/HPF, (129.7+/- 9.9)/HPF, (92.3 +/- 9.3)/HPF respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between different time points (P < 0.05), Paired comparison showed statistical differences (P < 0.05). At 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks, the semi-quantitative scores of Safranin-O staining were 2.0 +/- 0.0,1.5 +/- 0.5, 1.0 +/- 0.0, 0.5 +/- 0.5, statistically differences were found between different time points (P < 0.05). Paired comparison showed statistical differences (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the juvenile meniscus in vitro organ culture model, the cell density and viability diminished along with the cultural time. In vitro organ culture model is suitable for the study of menisci in short-term.</p>

Surgical treatment for Tile C type pelvis fracture through posterior approach / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical results of surgical treatment for Tile C type pelvis fractures with internal fixation by posterior approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2005 to June 2009, 12 patients with Tile C type pelvis fracture were treated by open reduction through posterior approach. There were 8 males and 4 females, with an average age of 39.5 years ranging from 25 to 58 years. The time from injury to operation was ranged from 7 to 10 days with an average of 9.5 days. All the patients were given X-ray, 3-D CT examinations before operation. The fracture were classified by Tile classification: Type C1 in 5 cases, Type C2 in 2 cases, Type C1 and Type C2 in 4 cases, Type C3 in 1 case. All the posterior rings were fixed by re-establishing steel board without anterior ring fixation after stabilization of body condition. All the patients were treated with skin traction for 3 weeks after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 12 patients were followed up for 6 months to 24 months with an average of 12.6 months. All the incisions healed well, and the fractures got union. No pelvic malunion, low back pain or leg length discrepancy was found. According to Majeed criteria for the evaluation of therapeutic effect, 10 patients were excellent, and 2 were good.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the management of the Tile C type pelvis fractures, a stable pelvis can be reconstructed by fixing posterior ring simply through the posterior approach, so that further sequelae can be reduced.</p>

Treatment of Sanders type III and IV calcaneal fractures with open reduction and internal fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the surgical techniques and results of open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of Sanders type III, IV calcaneal fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2004 to January 2010, 58 feet of Sanders type III, IV in 51 patients were treated with open reduction and plate fixation through L incision. There were 29 males and 22 females,the age ranged from 17 to 58 years with an average of 29.5 years old. The time between injury and operation ranged from 7 to 14 days (mean, 10 days). All the patients underwent systematic CT scan with coronal and horizontal images and sagittal reconstruction. The classification of the fractures by the Sanders scale showed that there were 26 feet of type III, 32 feet of type IV. The Böhler angle and Gissane angle were compared before and after operation. The clinical results were evaluated with the Maryland foot score: pain (45 scores), function (55 scores: distance walked 10 scores, stability 4, support 4, limp 4, shoes 10, stairs 4, terrain 4, cosmesis 10, motion 5).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 58 feet in 51 patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 6 to 24 months,with an average of 13 months. The incidence of complications was 13.8% (8/58). Incision superficial necrosis in 2 feet,choronicity pain in 4 feet,subtalar joint arthrositis of advanced stage in 2 feet. According to Maryland foot score, the results were excellent in 23 feet, good in 27, fair in 5, poor in 3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The surgical techniques and results of internal fixation to fractures are related to anatomic features of calcaneus and their injury mechanism. It is an effective method for the treatment of calcaneal fractures with Sanders type III, IV.</p>

The effect of lead exposure during early stage of life on expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 / 临床儿科杂志

Objective The effect of lead exposure on children is consistently associated with intellectual and other neurologic deficits.However the exact mechanism by which Pb~(2+) exerts toxic effects on developmental central nervous system remains unknown.Our group has found by gene-chip test that the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) mRNA was changed by lead exposure.The present study aimed to examine the effects of different level of lead exposure on the expression of mCluR5 in gestation and lactation.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to lead acetate during gestation and lactation.Three concentrations of 0.05%,0.2%,and 0.5% lead acetate were applied and considered as low,middle and high exposure group respectively.The Pb levels of blood and hippocampus of pups were analyzed at weaning to evaluate the actual lead content at the end of the exposure.The impact of lead exposure on the expression of mGluR5 mRNA and protein in hippocampal tissue of pups was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot.The potential role of the expression of mGluR5 mRNA and protein in lead neurotoxicity were discussed.Results The levels of lead in blood and hippocampus from lead-exposed rats were significantly higher than those in the controls and positively related to the degree of lead exposure.The results of real-time PCR and Western blot showed that exposure to lead acetate decreased the expression of mCluR5 mRNA and protein with a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions Hippocampal mGluR5 might be involved in lead-induced neurotoxicity.

Effects of preweaning enrichment on activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein expression and long-term memory in rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of preweaning enrichment on the expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein (Arc), an immediate early gene, and on the long-term memory in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control group (standard environment, n=20) and experimental group (enriched environment, n=20). The experimental group received enriched environment exposure from postnatal day 10 until weaning (2 weeks, 20 minutes per day). The open field and novel object recognition tests were performed at postnatal day 28. Arc expression was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in the open field test between the two groups. However, in the novel object recognition test, the experimental group rats performed significantly better than the control rats after 1 and 24-hr retention. The preference index in the experimental group after 1-hr (59.61%+/-9.61% vs 50.46%+/-9.34%; P<0.05) and 24-hr retention (62.72%+/-14.12% vs 52.39%+/-9.16%; P<0.05 ) was significantly higher than that in the control group. Arc expression in both areas CA1 and DG of hippocampus in the experimental group increased significantly compared with that in the control group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Preweaning enrichment can up-regulate the expression of immediate early gene, Arc, in the hippocampus of the rats, and promote their long-term memory.</p>

Clinical analysis of 60 thyroglossal tract cyst cases / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of thyroglossal tract cyst epidemiology and summarize how to improve the operation therapeutic effect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinic appearance, the pathological characteristics and the therapeutic effect of the 60 thyroglossal tract cyst cases were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thyroglossal tract cyst mostly occurred in children and teenagers. The incidence of female patients was more than that of male patients. Most of thyroglossal tract cyst located in the middle line of the neck and were explored tubular-objects and fibroropes. The histopathological feature was variform.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical appearance and pathology characteristic of thyroglossal tract cyst are variform. Thyroglossal tract cyst may be recurred easily if it is not operated well.</p>

Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on neural stem cells and myelin in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study investigated the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on neural stem cells (NSCs) and myelin in neonatal rats following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and aimed to explore the possible mechanism of the protective effect of HBO on HIBD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly assigned into 4 groups: Normal control, HIBD, hyperbaric air (HBA), and HBO groups (n=30 each). The HIBD model was produced by permanent occlusion of the left common carotid artery and 2 hrs hypoxemia exposure (8% O2 at 37 degrees C). HBA and HBO treatment was administered (2 ATA, once daily for 7 days) in the HBA and HBO groups respectively 1 hr after HIBD. BrdU immunohistochemistry was used to detect the NSCs in the sub-ventricle zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. The myelin damage was assessed by myelin basic protein (MBP) immunostaining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The BrdU-positive cells in the SVZ and the DG of the ischemic hemisphere in the HIBD group were dramatically decreased compared with those of the Normal control group at 3 weeks post-HIBD (P < 0.01). The HBO treatment resulted in an increase of BrdU-positive cells in the DG from 153.7 +/- 37.0 to 193.7 +/- 38.8 (P < 0.05). The nestin expression in the HIBD and HBA groups was reduced compared with that in the Normal control group. There was no difference in the nestin expression between the HBO and the Normal control groups. Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) led to marked myelin damage at 1 week post-HIBD. HBO or HBA treatment alleviated the damage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The HBO treatment can result in the proliferation of BrdU-positive cells and alleviate the myelin damage following HIBD in neonatal rats, thereby offering neuroprotectivity against HI insults.</p>

Changes of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in neonatal jaundice due to infection / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Tissue factor (TF) is an important factor in extrinsic coagulation. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a negative regulator of coagulation mediated by TF. Studies on TF and TFPI focus mainly on adult objects, seldom have been done on newborns, especially on sick newborns. The aim of this study was to observe the changes of TF and TFPI in plasma of newborns with infection jaundice and to research the effect of jaundice and infection on the balance of TF and TFPI in newborns.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The content of TF and TFPI in plasma of 21 jaundiced newborns with infection and 8 jaundiced newborns without infection as control was determined quantitatively with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The content of TFPI and TF in plasma of jaundiced newborn with infection was significantly higher than that of controls [TFPI (21.0 +/- 4.3) vs. (16.2 +/- 1.9) microg/L, P < 0.01; TF (177 +/- 79) vs. (51 +/- 24) ng/L, P < 0.01]. The ratio of TFPI/TF was significantly lower in newborn with infection jaundice than the controls (137 +/- 61 vs. 319 +/- 67, P < 0.01). The 21 jaundiced newborns with infection were divided into the severe hyperbilirubinemia group (serum bilirubin > or = 205.2 micromol/L, n = 10) and the mild hyperbilirubinemia group (serum bilirubin < 205.2 micromol/L, n = 11). There was no significant difference of TFPI level between the severe hyperbilirubinemia group and mild hyperbilirubinemia group (P > 0.05). The TF content in the severe hyperbilirubinemia group was higher than that in the mild hyperbilirubinemia group (216 +/- 79 vs.141 +/- 63, P < 0.01), while the ration of TFPI/TF was lower in the severe hyperbilirubinemia group than in the mild hyperbilirubinemia group (100 +/- 30 vs. 171 +/- 74, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Infection might induce imbalance between the coagulation inhibition and activation in newborns. Hyperbilirubinemia can aggravate the imbalance induced by the infection through increasing plasma TF level.</p>

Protective effects of baicalin on Neuro2A cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation / 中国药理学通报

Aim Neural injury in the central nervous system following is chemic insult is believed to result from oxygen and glucose deprivation.In this study,baicalin was investigated for its neuroprotective effects against oxygen and glucose deprivation(OGD) in Neuro2A cells.Methods Mitochondrial activity was assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) reduction activity assay.Apoptosis was monitored with flow cytometry.It was found that baicalin increased MTT reduction activity and decreased percentage of apoptosis of the cultured Neuro2A cells.Results Baicalin showed significant protective effects on the OGD-induced apoptosis in cultured Neuro2A cells.Conclusion These results suggest that baicalin is an effective compound in preventing neurotoxicity induced by OGD and therefore deserves further scrutiny.

The effects of hyperbaric oxygen in reducing brain damage from hypoxic ischemia in neonatal rats / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO)against brain dam- age from hypoxic ischemia(HIBD)in neonatal rats.Methods One hundred and seventeen 7-day-old Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:a control group(n=32),a hypoxic ischemia brain damage group (HIBD group,n=30),a hyperbaric air group(HBA group,n=27),and a hyperbaric oxygen group(HBO group, n=28).The HIBD model was established by permanent occlusion of the left common carotid artery followed by expo- sure to a mixture of 8% oxygen/92% nitrogen for 2 h(at 37℃).HBO therapy was administered to the HBO group after the hypoxia exposure once a day for 7 d,as was HBA therapy to the HBA group.Apoptotic cells in the cortex and hippocampus(A_(CH)cells)were measured using TUNEL at 9 d after birth,and the ratios of left and right cerebral hemisphere weight(R_(L/R))and rate of weight gain(GRW)were recorded 14 d after birth.A radial arm maze acquisi- tion test(RAMAT)was administered at 30 to 35 days.Lastly,the neuron density in the CA_1 subfield of the rats' hip- pocampi(ND_(CAI)was measured with Nissl staining.Results R_(L/R)and GRW in the HIBD group were significantly lower than in the control group(P＜0.01),while R_(L/R)was increased in the HBO and HBA groups,especially in the HBO group(P＜0.01),although there was no significant difference in GRW between the groups.Compared with the control group,A_(CH)cells were increased and ND_(CAI)was decreased in the HIBD group(P＜0.01),while A_(CH)cells were decreased and ND_(CAI)was elevated in the HBO group in comparison with the HIBD group(P＜0.01).There was no change in A_(CH)cells or ND_(CAI)in the HBA group.The RAMAT results for the HIBD group,including the time to find the arms baited with water,average times of working errors and reference memory errors,were significantly high- er than those of the control group,while these values for the HBO group were obviously lower than for the HIBD group,and there was no change for the HBA group(P＞0.05).Conclusion HBO therapy might increase the re- covery of learning and memory function by attenuating HIBD in neonatal rats.

Grafting neural stem cells improve the impaired cognitive deficits and spatial recognition after ischemic-hypoxic brain damage in neonatal rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate whether grafting neural stem cells (NSCs) improves the impaired cognitive deficits and spatial recognition after ischemic-hypoxic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats. METHODS: Non-immunosuppressed 7-day-old SD rats were used as research subject and randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) sham group (n=10); (2) HIBD group (n=11); (3) transplant group (n=13). (2) and (3) were anesthetized and subjected to a hypoxic/ischemic injury obtained by combination of left carotid ligation and exposure to 8% oxygen for 2 h. At 3 days post injury, hypoxic-ischemic brain damaged animals were re-anesthetized and randomized to receive stereotactic injection of NSCs prelabeling with BrdU or control media into the hippocampus in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Cognitive (i.e., learning) deficits were assessed at 2 to 4 weeks after transplantation. At the end of the behavioral tests, the animals were killed and evaluated for NSC survival and histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Transplant group showed significantly improved cognitive function in selected tests as compared with HIBD group during the 4-week observation period. They took less time than HIBD group in finding the 3 arms baited with water and had a decreased number of working and reference memory errors in radial maze acquisition tests. Histological analysis showed that transplanted NSCs attenuated CA1 cell loss after HIBD, and NSCs survived for as long as 4 weeks after transplantation and were detected in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that transplanted NSCs attenuate brain damage and cognitive dysfunction after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. This approach warrants continued investigation in light of potential therapeutic uses.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on NSCs in the neonatal rat with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To discuss the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO) therapy by assessing the changes of neural stem cells(NSCs),after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) in neonatal rats.METHODS: Seven-day-old SD rat pups were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group(CON,n=16),HIBD group(n=16),hyperbaric air group(HBA,n=16),and HBO group(n=16).The HIBD model was produced by permanent occlusion of left common carotid artery and was exposed to a mixture of 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for 2 h(at 37 ℃).HBA and HBO treatment was administered by placing pups in a chamber(2 ATA for 1 h) 1 h after hypoxia exposure and performed once daily for 7 days.BrdU immunohistochemistry was used to assess how the insult had affected NSCs in the SVZ of the lateral ventricle and DG of the hippocampus.The NSCs from the ipsilateral SVZs were isolated at 3 weeks recovery from hypoxia-ischemia(HI).The number of spheres was then counted as an index of the number of NSCs residing within the SVZ.RESULTS: At 3 week survival,the SVZ of HIBD group was smaller and markedly less cellular than control group.BrdU-positive cells were dramatically decreased in the SVZ and DG of the affected hemisphere(P